Chilicola Spinola, 1851 (Hymenoptera, Colletidae, Xeromelissinae) is a diverse genus of small, stem-nesting bees found throughout Central and South America; its 98 species are grouped into 15 subgenera, one of which is here revised. The subgenus Chilicola (Heteroediscelis) Toro & Moldenke, 1979 is endemic to Chile, spanning a remarkable diversity of habitats: from the arid Atacama Desert in the north, to temperate rainforests in the south, and at elevations ranging 0-3210m a.s.l.
In this new paper, eight new species are described, and one of the ten existing species is synonymized, bringing the total within C. (Heteroediscelis) to seventeen. In addition to an integrative taxonomic revision, this work includes identification keys for males and females, a phylogenetic analysis using morphology and molecular data, a summary of diagnostic base pair substitutions (CO1), and a biogeographic analysis of species distributions. In all, this work is intended as a comprehensive and thorough reference on the topic of these interesting little bees.